The Lost Decade?
Rahul K. Shah, MD George Washington University School of Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC Many recognize the catch phrase above as referring to the economic times of Japan over the last two decades, when the country experienced a collapse in its economic bubble. Unfortunately, some economists believe that our country is in a situation that may lead to a lost decade as well. Only time will tell. The phrase “lost decade” came to mind when reading the astutely designed study by Landrigan, et al. titled, “Temporal Trends in Rates of Patient Harm Resulting from Medical Care.”1 The authors had internal and external reviewers perform random audits of hospitals in North Carolina to assess for trends in patient harm over the last decade. The premise is that with the significant attention from the Institute of Medicine report in 1999 and the subsequent attention and resources committed to the patient safety and quality improvement movement, we should be seeing tangible returns on our investments a decade later. Unfortunately, the study in the New England Journal of Medicine by Dr. Landrigan and his group shows that there has not been significant improvement in harms reduction over the past decade. For the study, they chose to look only at North Carolina, as this state has been a leader in committing to patient safety and quality improvement efforts. This study is worth reading for all Academy members, as it echoes what many have commented to the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Committee in the past year. As the decade comes to an end, we are found asking ourselves what has been gained in terms of tangible results for patient safety. Although I am not surprised by the findings in the Landrigan study, there are certainly some thoughts that can be presented as opposing viewpoints. Perhaps states other than North Carolina have shown a statistical improvement in outcomes over the last decade, or perhaps on a macro-level this would have been shown to be true. It may be that the returns on the patient safety and quality improvement investment are lagging returns, in the sense that pilot initiatives and a culture change take time to manifest. But I ask myself, would I rather be a patient now or 15 years ago? We all should ask ourselves this question, because on a very granular level we can see tangible results of the benefits of patient safety and quality improvement initiatives. Furthermore, we are all privy to anecdotal stories regarding good catches and harm that has been prevented. It just may take a few more years for these anecdotes to amount to statistical significance. The Institute of Medicine had an ambitious target of a 50-percent reduction over the ensuing five-year period. Unfortunately, that window has passed, but hopefully we will see some concrete results soon. The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Committee is driven by iterative and incremental changes which we believe in hindsight will demonstrate a composite improvement in outcomes and the quality for otolaryngology patients. In the last decade, our specialty has continued to lead and pave the path among surgical specialties on patient safety and quality improvement efforts. Academy members have been busy and instrumental on efforts such as participating on myriad national quality organizations, taking a role in the continued expansion of the American College of Surgeon’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). We also have begun contemplating the role of data registries for members, conducting studies on medication and device safety, and looking at areas of vulnerability for our members. As noted by the Landrigan team, there are similar successes in the general body of medicine, although some of the adoption is limited. It does not benefit the patient at all that the literature is becoming populated with studies about safety and errors in otolaryngology. What benefits the patient is that individual practitioners and national organizations heed the results from these articles and attempt to put some of these findings into use on a patient level. It is important to ask whether we will see statistically significant outcomes from the patient safety and quality improvement measures that are in place and continue to be implemented. It may be best to stop the debate for now and agree that only time will tell. The healthy dose of realism provided by the Landrigan article helps align our perspectives and further studies to ensure that we actually do provide a return on the significant investments we are making—to simply have better outcomes for patients from each intervention. Reference Landrigan CP, Parry GJ, Bones CB. Temporal Trends in Rates of Patient Harm Resulting from Medical Care. N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 25;363(22):2124-34. We encourage members to write to us with any topic of interest and we will try to research and discuss the issue. Members’ names are published only after they have been contacted directly by Academy staff and have given consent to the use of their names. Please email the Academy at qualityimprovement@entnet.org to engage us in a patient safety and quality discussion that is pertinent to your practice.
Rahul K. Shah, MD
George Washington University School of Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
Many recognize the catch phrase above as referring to the economic times of Japan over the last two decades, when the country experienced a collapse in its economic bubble. Unfortunately, some economists believe that our country is in a situation that may lead to a lost decade as well. Only time will tell.
The phrase “lost decade” came to mind when reading the astutely designed study by Landrigan, et al. titled, “Temporal Trends in Rates of Patient Harm Resulting from Medical Care.”1 The authors had internal and external reviewers perform random audits of hospitals in North Carolina to assess for trends in patient harm over the last decade. The premise is that with the significant attention from the Institute of Medicine report in 1999 and the subsequent attention and resources committed to the patient safety and quality improvement movement, we should be seeing tangible returns on our investments a decade later.
Unfortunately, the study in the New England Journal of Medicine by Dr. Landrigan and his group shows that there has not been significant improvement in harms reduction over the past decade. For the study, they chose to look only at North Carolina, as this state has been a leader in committing to patient safety and quality improvement efforts.
This study is worth reading for all Academy members, as it echoes what many have commented to the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Committee in the past year. As the decade comes to an end, we are found asking ourselves what has been gained in terms of tangible results for patient safety.
Although I am not surprised by the findings in the Landrigan study, there are certainly some thoughts that can be presented as opposing viewpoints. Perhaps states other than North Carolina have shown a statistical improvement in outcomes over the last decade, or perhaps on a macro-level this would have been shown to be true. It may be that the returns on the patient safety and quality improvement investment are lagging returns, in the sense that pilot initiatives and a culture change take time to manifest.
But I ask myself, would I rather be a patient now or 15 years ago? We all should ask ourselves this question, because on a very granular level we can see tangible results of the benefits of patient safety and quality improvement initiatives. Furthermore, we are all privy to anecdotal stories regarding good catches and harm that has been prevented. It just may take a few more years for these anecdotes to amount to statistical significance. The Institute of Medicine had an ambitious target of a 50-percent reduction over the ensuing five-year period. Unfortunately, that window has passed, but hopefully we will see some concrete results soon.
The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Committee is driven by iterative and incremental changes which we believe in hindsight will demonstrate a composite improvement in outcomes and the quality for otolaryngology patients. In the last decade, our specialty has continued to lead and pave the path among surgical specialties on patient safety and quality improvement efforts. Academy members have been busy and instrumental on efforts such as participating on myriad national quality organizations, taking a role in the continued expansion of the American College of Surgeon’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). We also have begun contemplating the role of data registries for members, conducting studies on medication and device safety, and looking at areas of vulnerability for our members.
As noted by the Landrigan team, there are similar successes in the general body of medicine, although some of the adoption is limited. It does not benefit the patient at all that the literature is becoming populated with studies about safety and errors in otolaryngology. What benefits the patient is that individual practitioners and national organizations heed the results from these articles and attempt to put some of these findings into use on a patient level.
It is important to ask whether we will see statistically significant outcomes from the patient safety and quality improvement measures that are in place and continue to be implemented. It may be best to stop the debate for now and agree that only time will tell. The healthy dose of realism provided by the Landrigan article helps align our perspectives and further studies to ensure that we actually do provide a return on the significant investments we are making—to simply have better outcomes for patients from each intervention.
Reference
- Landrigan CP, Parry GJ, Bones CB. Temporal Trends in Rates of Patient Harm Resulting from Medical Care. N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 25;363(22):2124-34.
We encourage members to write to us with any topic of interest and we will try to research and discuss the issue. Members’ names are published only after they have been contacted directly by Academy staff and have given consent to the use of their names. Please email the Academy at qualityimprovement@entnet.org to engage us in a patient safety and quality discussion that is pertinent to your practice.