Pneumococcal Vaccination: Updated CDC Recommendations for Cochlear Implant Patients
Highlights of the CDC Recommendations The CDC has issued new pneumococcal vaccination recommendations for individuals with cochlear implants. These recommendations can be viewed in detail on the CDC website (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5909a2.htm). • Children who have cochlear implants or are candidates for cochlear implants should receive PCV13. PCV13 is now recommended routinely for all infants and children. (See Table 2 in the March 12, 2010, MMWR at the above website for the number of doses and dosing schedule.) • Older children with cochlear implants (from age 2 years through age 5) should receive two doses of PCV13 if they have not received any doses of PCV7 or PCV13 previously. If they have already completed the four-dose PCV7 series, they should receive one dose of PCV13 through age 71 months. • Children 6 through 18 years of age with cochlear implants may receive a single dose of PCV13 regardless of whether they have previously received PCV7 or the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) (Pneumovax®). • In addition to receiving PCV13, children with cochlear implants should receive one dose of PPSV at age 2 years or older and after completing all recommended doses of PCV13. • Adult patients (19 years of age and older) who are candidates for a cochlear implant and those who have received a cochlear implant should be given a single dose of PPSV • For both children and adults, the vaccination schedule should be completed at least two weeks before surgery. Jeffery J. Kuhn, MD Chair, Implantable Hearing Devices Subcommittee In February 2010, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV13, (Prevnar 13® [Pfizer]) for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 13 pneumococcal serotypes covered by the vaccine and for prevention of otitis media caused by serotypes in the 7-valent pneuomococcal conjugate vaccine formulation, PCV7, (Prevnar 7® [Wyeth]). PCV13 succeeds PCV7, which was licensed by the FDA in 2000. PCV 13 is approved for use in children aged 6 weeks to 71 months. Recommendations for use in children were established by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on March 12, 2010. Because children with cochlear implants are at increased risk for pneumococcal meningitis, the CDC recommends that they receive pneumococcal vaccination on the same schedule that is recommended for other groups at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. Recommendations for the timing and type of pneumococcal vaccination vary with age and vaccination history. Specific recommendations can be viewed in detail on the CDC website: (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5909a2.htm). The American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS), supported by the cochlear implant manufacturers, launched a vaccination campaign in October 2009 in an effort to stress the importance of pneumococcal vaccinations for cochlear implant patients. The AAO-HNS Cochlear Implant Vaccination Campaign Task Force, headed by Barry E. Hirsch, MD, and John K. Niparko, MD, with representation from the CDC, developed educational materials (posters, flyers, vaccination record stickers, and CDC Fact Sheet for Professionals) that were distributed to cochlear implant centers throughout the United States. Information regarding vaccination recommendations for cochlear implant patients, links to CDC vaccination schedules, and downloadable patient educational materials were provided on the Academy’s website (http://www.entnet.org/CIHealth). In addition, the cochlear implant manufacturers included reminders in their programming software to discuss and record the vaccination status of cochlear implant candidates and recipients. Despite the new vaccination recommendations for invasive pneumococcal disease, the educational materials developed previously by the AAO-HNS remain relevant and are still available through the Academy’s website. The website has been updated to reflect the most recent CDC recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination in cochlear implant patients, and the appropriate links to current CDC vaccination schedules are provided. Furthermore, all three cochlear implant manufacturers have agreed to assume the responsibility of launching a second vaccination awareness campaign in order to reinforce the importance of pneumococcal vaccination to healthcare professionals who are involved in the care of cochlear implant patients. We encourage you to familiarize yourself with the current CDC guidelines and to routinely recommend age-appropriate vaccinations for all cochlear implant patients. Most health insurance plans cover the cost of vaccinations for cochlear implant patients, and the cochlear implant manufacturers will provide payment to patients for any unreimbursed vaccination costs.
Highlights of the CDC Recommendations
The CDC has issued new pneumococcal vaccination recommendations for individuals with cochlear implants. These recommendations can be viewed in detail on the CDC website (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5909a2.htm).
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Jeffery J. Kuhn, MD
Chair, Implantable Hearing Devices Subcommittee
In February 2010, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV13, (Prevnar 13® [Pfizer]) for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 13 pneumococcal serotypes covered by the vaccine and for prevention of otitis media caused by serotypes in the 7-valent pneuomococcal conjugate vaccine formulation, PCV7, (Prevnar 7® [Wyeth]). PCV13 succeeds PCV7, which was licensed by the FDA in 2000.
PCV 13 is approved for use in children aged 6 weeks to 71 months. Recommendations for use in children were established by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on March 12, 2010.
Because children with cochlear implants are at increased risk for pneumococcal meningitis, the CDC recommends that they receive pneumococcal vaccination on the same schedule that is recommended for other groups at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. Recommendations for the timing and type of pneumococcal vaccination vary with age and vaccination history. Specific recommendations can be viewed in detail on the CDC website: (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5909a2.htm).
The American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS), supported by the cochlear implant manufacturers, launched a vaccination campaign in October 2009 in an effort to stress the importance of pneumococcal vaccinations for cochlear implant patients. The AAO-HNS Cochlear Implant Vaccination Campaign Task Force, headed by Barry E. Hirsch, MD, and John K. Niparko, MD, with representation from the CDC, developed educational materials (posters, flyers, vaccination record stickers, and CDC Fact Sheet for Professionals) that were distributed to cochlear implant centers throughout the United States. Information regarding vaccination recommendations for cochlear implant patients, links to CDC vaccination schedules, and downloadable patient educational materials were provided on the Academy’s website (http://www.entnet.org/CIHealth). In addition, the cochlear implant manufacturers included reminders in their programming software to discuss and record the vaccination status of cochlear implant candidates and recipients.
Despite the new vaccination recommendations for invasive pneumococcal disease, the educational materials developed previously by the AAO-HNS remain relevant and are still available through the Academy’s website. The website has been updated to reflect the most recent CDC recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination in cochlear implant patients, and the appropriate links to current CDC vaccination schedules are provided. Furthermore, all three cochlear implant manufacturers have agreed to assume the responsibility of launching a second vaccination awareness campaign in order to reinforce the importance of pneumococcal vaccination to healthcare professionals who are involved in the care of cochlear implant patients.
We encourage you to familiarize yourself with the current CDC guidelines and to routinely recommend age-appropriate vaccinations for all cochlear implant patients. Most health insurance plans cover the cost of vaccinations for cochlear implant patients, and the cochlear implant manufacturers will provide payment to patients for any unreimbursed vaccination costs.